{"id":13275,"date":"2022-12-19T16:59:58","date_gmt":"2022-12-19T13:29:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tehrantools.com\/mag\/?p=13275"},"modified":"2022-12-19T17:00:30","modified_gmt":"2022-12-19T13:30:30","slug":"tngstn","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tehrantools.com\/mag\/tngstn\/13275\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062f\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u0644\u0632 \u062a\u0646\u06af\u0633\u062a\u0646 \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f \u0622\u0646 \u0686\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u061f"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0641\u0644\u0632 \u062a\u0646\u06af\u0633\u062a\u0646 \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a :<\/span><\/h2>\n

\u062a\u0646\u06af\u0633\u062a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0632\u06cc \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u0631\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0642\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u0632 \u062e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0646\u06af\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u0632 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062e\u0627\u0644\u0635 \u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0639\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0627\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0635\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0634\u062f. \u0641\u0644\u0632 \u062a\u0646\u06af\u0633\u062a\u0646 \u067e\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u0622\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0631 <\/span>\u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u06af\u0633\u062a\u0646 \u062a\u06a9 \u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u06a9\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\u062a\u0646\u06af\u0633\u062a\u0646\"<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0632\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648 \u062a\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0698\u06cc\u060c \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0644\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0641\u0644\u0632 \u062a\u0646\u06af\u0633\u062a\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0647\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u062c\u0644\u0628 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f <\/span>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0648 \u0636\u062f \u0632\u0646\u06af \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0645\u067e \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u0632 \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0632\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u0632 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a\u06cc \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0648 \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f <\/span>\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0648 \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u062f\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u0632 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0637\u0631\u0641\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u0632 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0628\u0631 \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0647\u06cc\u0646\u0647 <\/span>\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0631\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0646\u06af\u0633\u062a\u0646:<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0647 \u0630\u0648\u0628 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u06af\u0633\u062a\u0640\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0636\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0686\u0648\u0646<\/span>\u00a0\u062c\u0648\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u062a\u0641\u062a\u06cc\u062f\u0646 \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u06a9\u0627\u0645 \u0648 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0686\u06af\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u062a\u0646\u06af\u0633\u062a\u0646 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0622\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u0698 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0644\u0632\u06cc \u0633\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u0627 (heat sinks) \u0648 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0686\u06af\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0628\u06cc\u0644 \u0648\u0632\u0646\u0647 \u0648 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0646\u06af\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0628\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u067e\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a (Hastelloy ,Stellite) \u0627\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u06af\u0633\u062a\u0640\u0646 \u0622\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u0698 \u0634\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0648\u06cc \u06f1\u06f8% \u062a\u0646\u06af\u0633\u062a\u0640\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0622\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u0698\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06af\u062f\u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u0632 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0634 \u0648 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u06cc\u063a\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0648 \u0622\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u0698 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0634\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0622\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u0698\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u0628 \u062f\u0631 \u06af\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0646\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0634\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062a\u0646\u06af\u0633\u062a\u0640\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0632\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0631\u0646\u06af\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0622\u0644\u06cc \u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0631 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062f\u06cc\u200c\u0633\u0648\u0644\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0646\u06af\u0633\u062a\u0646 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u06f5\u06f0\u06f0 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f. \u0686\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u06cc\u0647 \u0634\u06cc\u0634\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0648 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u0633\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u062a <\/span>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u061b \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a glass-to-metal seals \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u0631\u0646\u062f. \u0634\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u06a9\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 <\/span>\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0644\u0632 \u062a\u0646\u06af\u0633\u062a\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\u062a\u0646\u06af\u0633\u062a\u0646\"<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0646\u06af\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u0645 \/ \u06a9\u0644\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u0645\u067e\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0646\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u0632 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0634\u0639\u0647 X\u060c \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u06af\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0646\u0645\u06a9\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0627\u0648\u06cc \u062a\u0646\u06af\u0633\u062a\u0640\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u0639 \u0634\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0648 \u062f\u0628\u0627\u063a\u06cc \u0628\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0646\u06af\u0633\u062a\u0640\u0646 ( \u0639\u0644\u062a \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0646\u06af \u0627\u06a9\u0633\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0646\u06af\u0633\u062a\u0640\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f ) \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0646\u06af\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u0646\u06af\u0633\u062a\u0646:<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u06af\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0648 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0630\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f …<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0646\u0627\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0635:<\/span><\/h4>\n

\u0646\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u06af\u0633\u062a\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0635\u060c \u062a\u0646\u06af\u0633\u062a\u0646 \u067e\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0634\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u062a\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u0622\u0646 \u0633\u062e\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u06a9\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0635:<\/span><\/h4>\n

\u062a\u0646\u06af\u0633\u062a\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u0635 \u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u06a9 \u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u060c \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0644\u0635\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0634\u06a9\u0644\u200c\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0628\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0648 \u062e\u0637\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u06af\u0633\u062a\u0646:<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u06af\u0633\u062a\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0644\u0632 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u06cc \u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u060c \u0627\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 \u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u0632 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u06f1.\u06f5 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u0632 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u06cc \u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u06a9\u0645\u06cc \u0633\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u00a0\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u06f2\u06f0\u06f0\u06f0 \u00a0\u062a\u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0622\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u0698\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0646\u06af\u0633\u062a\u0646 \u060c \u06af\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u063a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0621 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\u062a\u0646\u06af\u0633\u062a\u0646\"<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u06a9\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u200b\u200b\u06a9\u0634\u0646\u062f\u0647 LD50 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062d\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u062a\u062c\u0648\u06cc\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u06f5\u06f9 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u06cc\u0644\u0648\u06af\u0631\u0645 (\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u060c \u062e\u0631\u06af\u0648\u0634) \u0648 \u06f5\u06f0\u06f0\u06f0 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u06cc\u0644\u0648\u06af\u0631\u0645 (\u067e\u0648\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0644\u0632 \u062a\u0646\u06af\u0633\u062a\u0646 Tungsten metal<\/a> \u060c \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0635\u0641\u0627\u0642\u06cc \u060c \u0645\u0648\u0634) \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u060c \u0628\u0644\u0639\u06cc\u062f\u0646 \u00a0\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627 \u067e\u0648\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0686\u0634\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u0632 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0646\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0633\u0647 \u0645\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0645\u0646\u06cc \u0648 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a \u0634\u063a\u0644\u06cc (NIOSH) \u062d\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u0632 \u0631\u0627 \u00a0\u06f5 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0645 \u062f\u0631 <\/span>\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u06a9\u0639\u0628 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0648\u0632 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06f8 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0648 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u062f\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u06f1\u06f0 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u06a9\u0639\u0628 \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631<\/h2>\n

\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u062a\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u06f1\u06f3\u06f8\u06f4 \u062a\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u062c\u0647\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u0639 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u060c\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u0647\u0627 \u0648 … \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0627 \u0633\u0647\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0628\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0631\u0634\u062f \u0648 \u062a\u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0631 \u0631\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u062c\u0647\u062a \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0628 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u062a\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0647 \u0648 \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06f0\u06f2\u06f1\u06f8\u06f8\u06f9\u06f8\u06f9\u06f2\u06f0\u06f0 \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n

\u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062a\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0642\u06cc:<\/p>\n

\u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0642\u06cc<\/a><\/strong> \u060c \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0698\u06cc \u060c \u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0642\u06cc \u060c \u0641\u0631\u0632 \u060c \u0645\u06cc\u062e\u06a9\u0648\u0628 \u060c \u0628\u06a9\u0633 \u0628\u0631\u0642\u06cc \u060c \u0633\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc \u060c\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0632 \u0648 … \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u062f \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0648 \u060c\u200c\u0622\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u060c \u0628\u0648\u0634 \u060c \u0631\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u0633 \u0648 …<\/p>\n

\u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u062a\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0632\u0647 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0647\u06cc\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u06a9 :<\/p>\n

\u062c\u06a9 \u0647\u06cc\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0646\u0631\u067e\u06a9 \u060c\u00a0 \u067e\u0645\u067e \u0647\u06cc\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0646\u0631\u067e\u06a9 \u060c \u062c\u06a9 \u0647\u06cc\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0646 \u060c \u067e\u0645\u067e \u0647\u06cc\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0646 \u060c \u0622\u0686\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u06cc\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0646\u0631\u067e\u06a9 \u0648 …<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0647\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u062f\u06cc :<\/p>\n

\u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u060c \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0633 \u067e\u0645\u067e \u0628\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u060c \u0628\u06a9\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0648 …<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u0686\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n

\u067e\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647<\/h2>\n

\u062f\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u0644\u0632 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u062c \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f \u0622\u0646 \u0686\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u061f\u200c<\/a><\/h3>\n

\u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0641\u0644\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u06a9\u0627\u062a \u0622\u0646\u00a0<\/a><\/h3>\n

\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0644\u0632 \u06cc\u0627\u0628\u00a0<\/a><\/h3>\n

<\/h3>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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